The invention relates to an intelligent vending machine technology and provides an RFID rapid inventory method to solve the problems that when there are many goods in a vending system at present, a main controller needs to perform duplication eliminating processing in a large amount of label data, which increases the amount of data transmitted and processed by the system, prolongs the inventory time of the vending system and reduces operation real-time performance of the vending system. The main points of the technical scheme are that the main controller detects door opening/closing signals atevery moment; if a door opening signal and a door closing signal are detected once within the specified time, name call information is sequentially sent to a sending point of each electronic tag oneby one according to an electronic tag list stored in a local database; if response information of all the electronic tags is received, no processing is performed, otherwise it is recorded that goods corresponding to the electronic tags which do not respond to the information have been sold out, and then it is judged whether the data information of the electronic tag responding to the information is consistent with the data information of the electronic tag corresponding to broadcast. If the data information of the electronic tag responding to the information is consistent with the data information of the electronic tag corresponding to broadcast, the electronic tag list stored in the local database is updated.