The invention provides a road segment detection method considering the traffic demand and road network operation efficiency, which obtains the generalized travel cost and other information of each urban road in an urban road network by collecting and sorting related travel data of the urban road. By measuring the traffic demand and establishing a travel demand OD matrix and an algorithm based on auser equilibrium model, it is possible to find invalid road segments in the urban road network under the current traffic demand level. Through matrix transformation of the road segment cost and the route cost, the method allows traffic managers to know the timing of the change of the effectiveness of the road segments when the traffic demand changes. The advantages of the invention lie in that the detection method can be used to analyze the validity of the road segments in real time and can be used to analyze complex urban road networks of multiple OD pairs; and with the method, the traffic managers do not need to change hardware facilities of the road network and can timely restrict and open such road segments in the road network to improve the overall operation efficiency of the urban road network.