The invention discloses a high dynamic optical communication Doppler frequency shift simulation system comprising a Doppler spectrum transformation module, a Doppler frequency shift module and a modulator, wherein the Doppler spectrum transformation module performs spectrum transformation on optical signals; the Doppler frequency shift module performs frequency shift transformation on optical carriers; and the optical signals processed by the Doppler spectrum transformation module and the optical carriers processed by the Doppler frequency shift module are used for simulating the Doppler frequency shift of satellite communication through the modulator. The high dynamic optical communication Doppler frequency shift simulation system provided by the invention simulates the Doppler phenomenonin satellite communication so as to not only to solve the problem of an increased error rate in a coherent communication system, but also to improve the performance of coherent detection and the reliability of the system.