The invention discloses a coal mine underground bus system. The coal mine underground bus system comprises personnel positioning cards, vehicle-mounted terminals, positioning base stations, a background processor, station displayers and vehicle displayers. The personnel positioning cards are taken along by underground personnel and used for identifying the underground personnel. The vehicle-mounted terminals are fixed to underground vehicles and used for identifying the underground vehicles. The positioning base stations are fixedly arranged underground, connected to the personnel positioningcards and vehicle-mounted terminals in a wireless mode, and used for determining position information and operation speed information of the downhole personnel and the underground vehicles according to the personnel positioning cards and the vehicle-mounted terminals. The background processor is electrically connected to the positioning base stations to receive the position information and the operation speed information of the downhole personnel and the downhole vehicles and generates station display information and vehicle display information according to the position information and the operation speed information. The station displayers are fixedly arranged in underground station and used for displaying the station display information. The vehicle displayers are fixedly arranged in thedownhole vehicles and used for displaying the vehicle display information. The operation safety of the underground personnel and vehicles can be improved, the effective labor time is guaranteed, andthe working efficiency is improved.