The invention provides a constellation optimization method and device for aircraft monitoring and relates to the technical field of satellite constellation design. The method comprises the steps thatspace-time feature points of aircraft flying are generated; according to the feature points, the constellation regression period design which meets task characteristics of aircraft monitoring is determined; according to the intersatellite visual judgment condition and the constraint condition of the intersatellite distance and the satellite relative speed, an intersatellite link is determined; thecovering performance of the aircraft flying tasks is calculated. Based on the task characteristics of aircraft flying, the geographical unevenness and time rising and falling characteristics of an air route are sufficiently analyzed, the area constellation optimization method for aircraft flying monitoring is provided, and the method comprises optimization of constellation covering performance and optimization of constellation cost so that the monitoring performance of a constellation system to all aircrafts can be sufficiently achieved. For the following aircraft flying monitoring tasks, based on the constellation optimization method and device, quick construction and optimization design of the constellation system can be achieved.