The invention discloses a method for determining active ingredients of synthetic grease by using gas chromatography. The method comprises the following steps: S1, extracting an additive by using petroleum ether or chromatographic methanol to obtain additive detection liquor; S2, regulating and optimizing gas chromatography parameters, performing quantitative sample injection on the tested additiveliquid, performing gas chromatography analysis and detection, establishing a chromatogram of the tested additive liquid to obtain a chromatographic peak retention time range of the additive, and establishing a chromatogram group of the additive detection liquor; S3, diluting and extracting the samples by using petroleum ether or alkane and other organic solvents so as to obtain sample detection liquor; S4, holding the gas chromatography a parameters, performing quantitative sample injection on the samples, performing gas chromatography analysis and detection, and establishing a chromatogram of the sample liquid tested; and S5, analyzing and calculating the chromatogram of the sample liquid tested, and determining the content of the active ingredients in the samples. According to the method, the ratio of each component in the synthetic grease can be easily analyzed, the detection result is accurate, and the method is time-saving and high-efficiency.