The invention provides a microscopic stereo image acquisition apparatus including an acquisition unit and a standard double-view processing unit, the acquisition unit is used to simultaneously acquire two or more original images or videos of the object to be measured at two or more different positions, and the standard double-view processing unit is configured to process the original images or videos and generate standard double views. The invention provides a microscopic stereo image acquisition apparatus, and compared with a general microscope, the real depth presence perception can be provided, and the fine operation of the user on three dimensions is facilitated. The device has high assembling flexibility and the application flexibility, can select cameras in different sizes and resolutions according to different application scenes for assembling, and can be applied to the fixed observation and mobile observation work.