Belonging to the technical field of macromolecule orientation measurement, the invention in particular relates to a macromolecule intralayer shear orientation measurement method based on an interdigital electrode. The method includes the steps of: S1 clinging a pair of interdigital electrode probes to a to-be-measured material surface; S2 setting the interdigital electrode probing depth, and testing the capacitance signal values Cxlambda i and Cylambda I of the to-be-measured material at different depth positions; S3 constructuing a dielectric constant calculation parameter equation set respectively, and performing solution to obtain the dielectric constant values epsilon xlambda i and epsilon ylambda i in two directions of each thickness layer in the to-be-measured material; S4 calculating the orientation value delta epsilon lambda i=epsilon xlambda i-epsilon ylambda i of the to-be-measured material at each depth layer relative to a to-be-measured material coordinate system and the orientation direction theta lambda i shown as the specification, thus finishing macromolecule intralayer shear orientation measurement. The method provided by the invention has no need for slicing and sample making, avoids the interference of human factors on the final orientation measurement result during sample making, improves the measurement result accuracy, saves test time, reduces the test cost, and is particularly suitable for measurement of macromolecule intralayer shear orientation.