The present invention discloses a steel rail impression character segmentation method in a work condition. The method comprises: performing location of steel rail impression characters; performing height direction segmentation of the steel rail impression characters; determining the actual width of each character; performing width direction segmentation of the steel rail impression characters, and performing segmentation of the steel rail impression characters into single character; and performing reverse type processing of the single character, etc. The algorithm is simple, the segmentation effect is good, and the reliability is high, the problem is solved that the segmentation of the steel rail impression characters is difficult, and the development of the automatic identification technology of the steel rail impression characters is prompted.