The invention relates to a device for conducting high-temperature air gap heat transfer characteristics experimental study. The device for conducting the high-temperature air gap heat transfer characteristics experimental study includes a gap heat transfer device body, a vacuum system, a coolant water circuit and an electric control system. The gap heat transfer device body comprises a heating element, a heat transfer sleeve is arranged on the outside of the heating element, a water circuit sleeve is arranged on the outside of the heat transfer sleeve, the water circuit sleeve is connected with the coolant water circuit, the heat transfer sleeve has three layers in total, two layers of heat transfer air gaps are formed among three layers of the heat transfer sleeve, an outer heat transfer air gap is used to control the temperature to reach test conditions, and an inner heat transfer air gap is an test area. The invention adopts a design of two layers of the heat transfer air gaps to ensure that the inner test air gap achieves the required linear power rating and temperature difference on both sides through the outer air gap. The device used in the invention can follow a main structure of a conventional water-cooled air gap heat transfer characteristics test device, and is superior in economy, safety and maintainability to an air gap heat transfer characteristics test device using liquid sodium to cool.