The invention discloses a method for connecting a high volume fraction SiCp/Al composite material in a self-propagating mode on the basis of a nano-multilayer film. The method comprises the following steps that SiC particles of different volume fractions are mechanically added in brazing filler metal, the high volume fraction SiCp/Al composite material is subjected to sand-papering and derusting, welding parts are placed in the sequence of the high volume fraction SiCp/Al composite material, the brazing filler metal, the Al/Ni nano-multilayer film, the brazing filler metal and the high volume fraction SiCp/Al composite material, sandwich assembly is formed, pressure is uniformly applied to the portions perpendicular to the surfaces of samples placed in sequence, the Al/Ni nano-multilayer film is lighted with electric sparks and serves as a local mobile heat source to generate a self-propagating combustion reaction, after the reaction is completed instantly, the connecting structure is cooled at the room temperature, and finally the pressure is removed. Accordingly, the nano-multilayer film serves as the heat source to generate the self-propagating reaction, heat is released instantly, burning of the particle reinforcement phase is reduced, the joint strength is improved, and high-quality connection of the high volume fraction SiCp/Al composite material can be achieved.