The invention belongs to the field of immunology and particularly relates to Plasmodium berghei gametophyte recombinant protein (rPbG37), a preparation method thereof and application of the Plasmodium berghei gametophyte recombinant protein (rPbG37) in malaria transmission blocking. The amino acid sequence of the Plasmodium berghei gametophyte recombinant protein (rPbG37) is as shown in SEQ ID No. 1; or the amino acid sequence of the Plasmodium berghei gametophyte recombinant protein (rPbG37) is an amino acid sequence whose homology with an amino acid sequence defined by the sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 1 is 95-100% and encoding identical functional protein; or the amino acid sequence of the Plasmodium berghei gametophyte recombinant protein (rPbG37) is an amino acid sequence obtained by increasing, deleting or replacing one or more amino acid of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 1 and provided with identical-activity derivative protein. The recombinant protein is novel recombinant protein with a transmission blocking effect and can further increase a malaria transmission blocking effect.