The invention discloses a quick and automatic electroslag remelting shrinkage compensation process. The quick and automatic electroslag remelting shrinkage compensation process is characterized in that the total shrinkage compensation time T (total) equals to 0.05*D (crystallizer), wherein D (crystallizer) is the diameter of the crystallizer, the unit of D (crystallizer) is mm, and the unit of T (total) is min; the shrinkage compensation power is controlled to be P which equals to P (remelting) plus 0.5*T[2] minus (20-24)*T; and P (remelting) is the melting power during the remelting period, T is the shrinkage compensation cumulative time and of which the unit is min. The quick and automatic electroslag remelting shrinkage compensation process has the benefits as follows: the problems in the prior art that the electroslag shrinkage compensation time is long, the shrinkage compensation metal amount is large, and the process reproducibility is low and the randomness of shrinkage cavities at the top of a steel ingot is high due to that the shrinkage compensation operation is manually controlled are solved, and a dynamic equilibrium between the steel ingot solidification shrinkage and the molten steel supply is achieved by controlling the power output within a short time; besides, the shrinkage compensation time is greatly shortened, the molten steel amount for shrinkage compensation is reduced by 50%, human disturbance is avoided due to that the computerized automatic control mode is adopted, and the process reproducibility is stable.