The invention discloses an automatic gain control circuit for closed-loop drive of an MEMS gyroscope. The automatic gain control circuit comprises an amplitude comparator, a residual selector and a loop filter. The amplitude comparator automatically determines whether a gyroscope is in an oscillation starting phase or a stabilizing phase based on the magnitude of an output signal of the amplitude detector, and outputs a control signal for controlling an operation mode of the loop filter and the residual selector according to the determination result. The residual selector outputs an input signal required for the loop filter according to the control signal output from the amplitude comparator and a preset digital reference value. The loop filter generates a drive amplitude signal based on the input signal and the control signal output from the amplitude comparator. The invention designs the amplitude comparator in the automatic gain control circuit to realize the self-detection of a drive system and to adaptively adjust the operation mode of an automatic gain controller; and the oscillation starting time can be less at very small loop bandwidth, the stabilizing time is shorter, meanwhile, fewer design parameters are needed, and the system is more concise.