The invention discloses an automatic discharging and dismantling and recycling system based on a physical discharge type power battery and a control method. The system comprises two parts, namely a discharging system and a dismantling and recycling system, wherein the discharging system comprises a loading crane, a material frame, a discharge vehicle, a firewall, a fireproof system, an unloading crane, an operating table, a discharge vehicle guide rail, an electrode discharge device and a resistance discharge room; the discharging system is used for completing the processes of a multi-specification power battery, such as automatic loading, discharging and unloading, and the power battery is dismantled under safe electric quantity; and the dismantling and recycling system is composed of multiple pieces of automatic dismantling and recycling equipment and is used for realizing a series of automatic processes of the power battery, such as loading, clamping, battery head cutting and separating battery cells from the battery head. The system disclosed by the invention is equipped with a dust removal device and a purification device, so that the dust and waste gases in the whole process procedure can be recovered and collected. In addition, the system is provided with a fire extinguishing system used for emergent firefighting of the system, so that the safety of personnel and equipment is protected.