The invention discloses a hydraulic rapid forging machine. The hydraulic rapid forging machine comprises an oil cylinder and a displacement sensor, wherein the oil cylinder is connected with a hydraulic rotary valve, and the displacement sensor is fixedly arranged. Changing of a liquid flowing direction and flowing and blocking of liquid are achieved through rotation of a valve element. The purpose that when the valve element rotates by one circle, a piston rod in the oil cylinder connected with a valve body completes downward pressing and upward moving once is achieved. Through cooperation between the rotary valve and the displacement sensor, automatic control over the precision of the dimension of a forged piece is achieved. The hydraulic rapid forging machine is simple in structure, convenient to operate and high in automation degree. Due to the arrangement of a proximity switch, the valve element can stop rotating at a corresponding position, and then needed operation can be completed. After being connected with the oil cylinder, the rotary valve can replace a pneumatic hammer, short-stroke rapid forging is achieved, vibration is small, noise is low and the cost-performance ratio is high.