Provided are a collecting device for detecting pipeline leakage based on sound wave detection and an application method. Two sound picking up probes of the collecting device for detecting pipeline leakage are fixed at the two ends of a pipeline correspondingly to detect pipeline leakage, and the collecting device comprises a single chip microcomputer, a GPS module, a sound pick-up, a multiplexer selector, a recording storage module, an SD card, a Bluetooth module and a lithium battery supply circuit; accurate time information can be marked in collected sound data by the collecting device by collecting GPS pulse per second output and sound picking up signal output in a time sharing mode. According to the collecting device for detecting pipeline leakage based on sound wave detection, a low power consumption chip and modules are adopted, and power supply of each module in corresponding operating modes is controlled in a programmed mode, so that power consumption of a whole machine is reduced greatly; a lithium battery is used for supplying power, and therefore the device is small in size and portable; and the Bluetooth module is used for conducting interaction with an upper computer control site, the device is easy and convenient to operate and steady and reliable in working, and data foundation with high time accuracy is provided for follow-up determining of the position of a leakage point.