The invention discloses a production technology for recycling and reusing neopentyl glycol residue, and belongs to the technical field of the petrochemical engineering. The neopentyl glycol wastewater contains many organic ingredients, the content is large, and the neopentyl glycol wastewater contains triethylamine with the large biodegradation difficulty, if the neopentyl glycol wastewater is directly discharged, the environment is polluted seriously. The pollution problem can be actually solved only if the organic matter in the wastewater is recycled and reused. The neopentyl glycol residue contains a large number of the usable ingredients, especially Tishchenko fat and dihydric alcohol with better property (compared with the neopentyl glycol). The obvious economic benefit can be acquired by recycling and reusing. The production technology is capable of using a discontinuous operation mode, namely the high-precision separation of two products can be realized by one rectification device. The content of the separated neopentyl glycol and Tishchenko fat is high, the recycling rate is remarkably improved, and the residue after the rectification separation can be used as fuel oil.