The invention discloses a silicon rubber-carbon sponge composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The silicon rubber-carbon sponge composite material obtained through preparation has the advantages that through the material improvement, by combining the characteristics of a TENG sensor, the self electricity supply characteristics are realized; the defect that the sensor prepared in an ordinary mode can normally work only through external addition of a power supply is overcome; meanwhile, the silicon rubber-carbon sponge composite material is based on the carbon sponge composite carbon nanometer tubes; on the basis of a carbon sponge fiber network, CNT networks are additionally added, so that the integral fiber network of the material has higher mechanical intensity. The durability of the sensor manufactured in such a way is improved by more than 22 times; the sensitivity is improved by nearly 20 times; meanwhile, the more stable electric signals can be more easily obtained. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple; the preparation materials are cheap and can be easily obtained; the prepared silicon rubber-carbon sponge composite material has wide application prospects in the fields of sensors and wearable electronic equipment.