The invention discloses an optical fiber near infrared detection system. The optical fiber near infrared detection system comprises a near infrared light source, a single-mode optical fiber and one or more first photoelectric detectors; the output end of the near infrared light source is connected with the input end of the single-mode optical fiber; the first photoelectric detectors are arranged in parallel in the transmission direction of a near infrared laser in the single-mode optical fiber; the single-mode optical fiber is provided with first tilted optical gratings corresponding to the first photoelectric detectors; the near infrared light source is used for emitting the near infrared laser with the wavelength of lambda. The near infrared laser is led out from the side direction of the single-mode optical fiber by using the first tilted optical gratings in the single-mode optical fiber, so that multiple first photoelectric detectors for obtaining light intensity detecting signals can be integrated in one near infrared detection laser detection system, and the cost of application is reduced.