The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication, and specifically provides a hybrid optical encoding method and device. The method comprises the following steps: 1) modulating and encoding a laser pulse signal in a pulse amplitude modulation and encoding PAM mode; 2) modulating and encoding control information in a pulse position modulation PPM mode; 3) mixing the laser pulse signal with the control information through a laser wave mixer; 4) transmitting a hybrid signal of the laser pulse signal and the control information to a laser phased array through an optical fiber link; 5) separating out the laser pulse signal and the control information by an amplitude comparator according to different amplitudes; and 6) controlling a phase adjustment unit array of the laser phased array through the control information, and controlling the emission direction of the laser pulse. According to the hybrid optical encoding method and device provided by the invention, the hybrid optical encoding method is adopted to not only ensure the high-power pulse laser signals of the transmitting end, and fully use the time intervals between the laser pulses to improve the alignment precision of antenna arrays.