The invention discloses an electroencephalogram signal acquisition system. The system comprises an electroencephalogram signal acquisition electrode, an electroencephalogram signal processing circuit, a wireless signal transmission module and an electroencephalogram signal receiving module. By the electroencephalogram signal processing circuit for electroencephalogram signal amplification, inhibition of noise signals and direct-current offset and analog-digital conversion, the electroencephalogram signal acquisition system has advantages of low power consumption, high performance, high common-mode rejection ratio and high input impedance, is capable of acquiring electroencephalogram signals by the aid of a dry electrode and has a promising application prospect in fields of brain-computer interfaces, home monitoring and the like.