The invention provides a method for improving the bacterial oxidation efficiency of high-sulfur refractory gold ores through low-power-consumption microwave activation. The method for improving the bacterial oxidation efficiency of the high-sulfur refractory gold ores through low-power-consumption microwave activation comprises the following steps that the high-sulfur refractory gold ores are ground to reach the degree that the quantity of particles with the granularity being 38-75 microns accounts for 90% or above; the well ground high-sulfur refractory gold ores are evenly mixed with an activation medium, and the pH value is adjusted to be 1.0-4.0; the ore pulp is placed in a microwave oven to undergo normal-pressure microwave activation for 30-600 seconds, wherein the microwave frequency is 2450 MHz, the microwave power is 50-1000 w, the microwave activation temperature is 25-60 DEG C, and the stirring speed of the ore pulp is 100-400 rpm; and the activated ore pulp is mixed with a bacteria solution, air is fed, and an oxidation reaction is conducted. By the adoption of the method for improving the bacterial oxidation efficiency of the high-sulfur refractory gold ores through low-power-consumption microwave activation, after the high-sulfur refractory gold ores are activated for 30-600 seconds through microwave, compared with the bacterial oxidation period of the ores which do not undergo microwave activation, the bacterial oxidation period is shortened by 25%-30%; and the deferrization rate, the desulfurization rate and the dearsenization rate are all improved.