The invention discloses a self-electricity-generation type road life detection wireless sensing system and a detection method thereof. A piezoelectric transducer is buried under a road, so that when a vehicle travels on the road surface, a stress can be generated on the road surface; a road surface structure and the piezoelectric transducer can generate coordination deformation, and the relative displacement is generated between a positive charge center and a negative charge center in the piezoelectric transducer, so that polarization heterocharge is generated on the surface of the piezoelectric transducer, an electric potential difference is generated, and electric energy is generated to be supplied to a single-chip microcomputer, a sensor and an RFID label; and road data acquired by the sensor is utilized to accurately judge the life of the road, and the purpose of overhauling the road in advance is achieved. According to the self-electricity-generation type road life detection wireless sensing system disclosed by the invention, the dynamic strain detection and the data storage of the road surface structure can be continuously performed, the fatigue life prediction of the detected road surface is realized, the interference to traffic is reduced, the cost is reduced, the energy source losses are reduced, the problem of inaccuracy of road life prediction because in the past, the road structure cannot be monitored is solved, and effective and scientific decision support is provided for the road maintenance and the damage repairing.