The invention discloses a data distribution and parallel processing method and system. The method comprises following steps: analyzing an initial query instruction to obtain an actual query instruction; distributing the actual query instruction to different data nodes through working distribution nodes; executing the received actual query instruction on each data node and returning query results to the work distribution nodes; at the same time, the data information table is kept updated on each server node; on each server node, performing backup on query table corresponding to the actual query instruction so that query table copies are kept in each server node; on each server node, when concurrent conflict is detected, performing concurrent execution on actual query instruction through calling the query table copies on the current server node. By means of the data distribution and parallel processing method and system, the data consistency is guaranteed and the speed and efficiency of data query are increased as well.