The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber belt disassembly and assembly devices of a belt conveyor and provides a rubber belt disassembly and assembly vehicle for solving the technical problem that existing belt taking-up and paying-off devices cannot realize fast taking-up and paying-off and fast moving of rubber belts of the fixed belt conveyor. The rubber belt disassembly and assembly vehicle comprises a frame, steering wheel axles, drive axles, a support A, a support C, a support B and a support D, wherein the steering wheel axles are installed under the front end of the frame, the drive axles are installed under the rear end of the frame, and the support A, the support C, the support B and the support D are sequentially installed in the center of the frame at intervals; a driving rotation plate is installed on each of the left side of the support A and the left side of the support B, and a rotary ejection plate is installed on each of the right side of the support A and the right side of the support B; the driving rotation plates are provided with chain wheels; a hoisting beam is arranged above the support A and the support B; a double-output-shaft speed reduction motor and a cable drum are arranged at the rear end of the frame; and a steering wheel and a starting knob are installed on the left side surface of the support A. The rubber belt disassembly and assembly vehicle is convenient to disassemble and assemble, convenient to transfer and capable of being pulled and driven, and boundary dimensions of components are small. According to the rubber belt disassembly and assembly vehicle, fast taking-up and paying-off of the rubber belts of the fixed belt conveyor are realized, and fast stretching and fast moving of the fixed belt conveyor are realized.