The invention discloses a down-hole hammer for deep-hole operation. The down-hole hammer comprises an upper joint, an outer pipe and a drill bit, wherein a central vent pipe air distribution device and a piston are mounted in the outer pipe; the upper joint is communicated with the piston through the central vent pipe air distribution device; a check valve positioning device and a plurality of groups of pressure limiting devices for controlling working pressure are arranged in the upper joint; an automatic ventilation volume regulation device for residue removal air volume control is arranged at the tail end of the central vent pipe air distribution device; high-frequency and high-speed reciprocating working movement of the piston is realized by high-pressure air through the upper joint and the central vent pipe air distribution device. According to the down-hole hammer, an automatic piston air distribution principle and an inner cylinder-free design are adopted, corresponding accessories such as a check valve and a spring can be replaced without disassembling the upper joint due to the novel check valve positioning device, the residue removal air volume can be automatically regulated without disassembling the down-hole hammer to replace an air regulation plug due to the automatic ventilation volume regulation device, and pressure can be automatically relieved through the pressure limiting devices to ensure that the hammer works under reasonable working pressure; the down-hole hammer is compact and simple in structure and convenient to maintain, and the ventilation efficiency is improved; moreover, blockage during well operation is also avoided to a certain extent by an internal air supply manner, so that the application range is widened, and the service life of the hammer is prolonged.