The invention discloses a downlink frequency deviation compensation method and device. The downlink frequency deviation compensation method comprises the steps of detecting a moving state at which a mobile terminal stays; determining frequency point information of an environment in which the mobile terminal is located and a moving speed range of the mobile terminal when the mobile terminal is detected to stay at a first moving state; selecting a frequency deviation compensation value from a pre-stored frequency deviation compensation value set according to a first preset rule on the basis of the frequency point information and the moving speed range when the mobile terminal cannot correctly demodulate received downlink signals, wherein the frequency deviation compensation value set comprises a corresponding relation among the frequency point, the moving speed range and the frequency deviation compensation value; and performing frequency deviation compensation on the downlink signals according to the frequency deviation compensation value.