The invention provides a method for recycling epoxycyclohexane and n-pentanol from light oil, comprising: acquiring light oil; mixing the light oil and an alkali, reacting at 0-50 DEG C for 0.5-5 hours to obtain a mixed liquid; rectifying the mixed liquid to obtain a light component containing epoxycyclohexane and n-pentanol and a heavy component containing hydroxyaldehyde condensate; subjecting the light component containing epoxycyclohexane and n-pentanol to separation and purification to obtain epoxycyclohexane and n-pentanol; in the above method, the light oil and the alkali are mixed, aldehyde impurities in the light oil such as hexanal and cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde are subjected to hydroxyaldehyde condensation reaction to generate high-boiling-point material, and the high-boiling-point material is rectified such that the content of hexanal and epoxycyclohexane is less than 0.5% and even less than 0.2%, the hexanal and cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde side reaction is under control, and the recycle rate and refining concentration of the cyclohexane and n-pentanol are further increased.