The invention relates to a cluster-type control rod arrangement method and an operation management method for a small-sized pressurized water reactor. A reactor core fuel assembly is inserted into a control rod as far as possible, the control rods of a plurality of adjacent fuel assemblies are selected as a cluster to be lifted or downwards inserted by virtue of one control rod driving mechanism. The reactor core is only provided with a safety rod group and a fuel consumption compensation rod group, and the power of the reactor core is adjusted by the fuel consumption compensation rod group and a negative feedback. Compared with the conventional control rod arrangement way, the arrangement quantity and reactive control capacity of the control rods can be greatly improved, so that the loading circulating length of the reactor core is remarkably increased. The arrangement quantity of the control rod driving mechanism is effectively reduced, so that the structural design difficulty of a top cover of a small-sized reactor pressure container is alleviated. The operation management difficulty of the reactor core control rod and the operation control difficulty of the reactor core are greatly alleviated, and the spatial power distribution of the reactor core is flattened.