The invention relates to a solar heat collection and auto heating-based outdoor biomass thermal cracking oil refining device which comprises a smashing machine, solar optothermal/photovoltaic equipment, a high-temperature baking chamber, a preheating sand box, rotary conical biomass thermal cracking equipment and a condensation system. The main technological process is that a raw material enters the high-temperature baking chamber after being smashed; under the condition that the solar optothermal/photovoltaic equipment supplies energy, the raw material is baked, and biological vinegar which is a byproduct is collected; biomass particles subjected to baking treatment enter a rotary conical reactor for thermal cracking reaction and are subjected to condensation collection, so that bio-oil, biomass carbon powder and non-condensable gas are generated; the biomass carbon powder and the non-condensable gas are used as fuel combusted for heating. According to the solar heat collection and auto heating-based outdoor biomass thermal cracking oil refining device, solar energy and the byproduct are used for realizing baking pretreatment and cracking reaction for supplying heat, so that energy and production cost are reduced, and the operation demand for outdoor auto energy supplying is met; a bio-oil product refined by the baking treatment is high in energy density and stability; the oil refining process is clean and efficient.