The invention discloses a device for measuring the center temperature of a coke cake through vibration hammering, comprising a bracket, a casing, a measurement pipe with a tip, and a vibration hammer. The bracket is arranged above a coal charging hole in the roof of a coke oven, and the casing is arranged inside the bracket. One end of the measurement pipe is connected with the vibration hammer, and the other end of the measurement pipe sequentially passes through the casing and the coal charging hole and is then inserted into the coal powder in a carbonization chamber. The front, the middle and the back of the measurement pipe are each equipped with a temperature sensor. The vibration hammer comprises a strike block, an oil cylinder, and a controller. The strike block is connected with the measurement pipe and the piston of the oil cylinder. The rod-containing cavity and the rodless cavity of the oil cylinder are connected with an oil tank through a pipeline, a reversing valve and an oil pump. The controller controls the work of the reversing valve and the oil pipe so as to control the work of the piston and make the measurement pipe go up and down. The invention further provides a method for measuring the center temperature of a coke cake through vibration hammering. With the device and the method, the center temperature of a coke cake can be measured accurately.