The invention discloses an acceleration testing and evaluating method of the reliability of a ball screw pair. The method includes the following steps of classifying failures in a reliability accelerated test, calculating the failure number through a determined weighting coefficient, calculating a stress acceleration coefficient of the accelerated test through the load conditions of the reliability accelerated test, calculating single-stress or double-stress horizontal mean failure interval revolution through the acceleration coefficient, and evaluating the reliability of the ball screw pair through mean time between failures under all samples. According to a ball screw pair reliability accelerated testing and evaluating method based on an acceleration service life model, the current reliability problem of the ball screw pair with or without failures can be effectively solved, and then the accuracy of the reliability testing result is improved.