An electric-actuating dry adherence composite structure and a manufacturing process are provided; the electric-actuating dry adherence composite structure comprises three layers, wherein the top layer is a mushroom shape array structure, the bottom layer is a periodical array structure with high elastic modulus polymer and low elastic modulus polymer alternately distributed, and the middle layer is a flexible conductive film providing an electric field; the manufacture process comprises the following steps: preparing the top layer mushroom shape array structure; preparing the middle layer flexible conductive film; preparing the bottom layer elastic modulus differentially distributed periodical array structure; coupling and moulding the three layers so as to form the composite structure. The method can keep the mushroom shape array structure high adherence intensity, and can use the polymer electric-actuating characteristics to realize controllable desorption and adherence of the dry adherence composite structure under electric field regulation; the manufacturing process can employ lithography, impression and spin coating based technology, thus realizing accurate controllable manufacture of each layer structure; the electric-actuating dry adherence composite structure and manufacturing process can be widely applied to dry adherence fields like a belt conveyer, a manipulator and a micro sucker.