The invention discloses an automobile power lithium battery box with an active safety system and a matched control method, and belongs to the field of automobile safety. The automobile power lithium battery box comprises a first CAN bus, a second CAN bus, a third CAN bus, a plurality of lithium battery packs, a plurality of BMU collection terminals, a BMS controller, a fire extinguisher host, a fire extinguisher, a VCU controller, a display screen, a manual fire extinguishing operation panel and a motor control module. According to the box and the method, an early warning of fire alarm security risks is realized; and an automatic fire extinguishing function after an early warning of the battery box is invalid or a fire breaks out suddenly is realized.