The invention discloses a two-barrel reciprocating balance type dual-action oil pump which comprises a pump head communicated with an oil pipe. An external pump barrel is arranged at the lower end of the pump head, a liquid outlet valve seat and a liquid inlet valve seat are arranged in the external pump barrel, and an internal pump barrel is arranged between the liquid outlet valve seat and the liquid inlet valve seat. A liquid filter pipe is arranged at the inner periphery of a free end of the external pump barrel, a flange joint is arranged at the lower end of the liquid filer pipe, and a plunger assembly reciprocating in the internal pump barrel sequentially penetrates the liquid filter pipe and the flange joint to be connected with a connection valve bonnet. The two-barrel reciprocating balance type dual-action oil pump has the advantages that by shapes and connection relation of the internal pump barrel and the plunger assembly, balance of resistances applied to a prime motor in a push-pull process is realized; an outer cavity formed between the internal pump barrel and the external pump barrel provides a sufficient installation and maintenance space for a lower cavity liquid inlet valve and a lower cavity liquid outlet valve, and reliability in operation is guaranteed; in addition, liquid discharge efficiency and energy saving efficiency can be improved effectively.