Provided is an apparatus and method for producing an environmentally-friendly solvent oil using a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil. The device comprises a hydrorefining reactor (A), a hydrogenation reactor (B), a hot high-pressure separator (C), an alkaline tower (D), a rectification tower (E), and a condenser (F). The method comprises feeding a mixture of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil and hydrogen into the hydrorefining reactor (A), then feeding a mixture of the resultant product and hydrogen into the hydrogenation reactor (B), and the final product entering the hot high-pressure separator (C) to be separated into a gas-phase fraction and a liquid-phase fraction. The gas-phase fraction flows through the alkaline tower (D), and enters the condenser (F) for separation. A mixture of the separated gas portion and fresh hydrogen flows back to the hydrorefining reactor (A) and the hydrogenation reactor (B). The liquid-phase fraction obtained from the hot high-pressure separator (C) enters the rectification tower (E), and is fractionated to produce a naphtha fraction, an environmentally-friendly solvent oil and an unconverted oil.