The invention discloses a self-saturated absorption type Q-switching yttrium aluminum garnet laser crystal consisting of chemical formula V5xNd3yY3(1-y)Al5(1-x)O12, wherein x is more than 0 and not more than 0.02, and y is more than 0 and not more than 0.015.The invention further discloses a growth method of the self-saturated absorption type Q-switching yttrium aluminum garnet laser crystal.The growth method includes the steps of mixing a vanadium compound, a neodymium compound, an yttrium compound and an aluminum compound uniformly and pressing a mixture to obtain a crystal growth initial raw material with the chemical formula V5xNd3yY3(1-y)Al5(1-x)O12; heating the crystal growth initial raw material with the chemical formula V5xNd3yY3(1-y)Al5(1-x)O12 to a molten state to obtain a crystal growth melt, and then growing by a crystal growth from melt method so as to obtain the self-saturated absorption type Q-switching yttrium aluminum garnet laser crystal.The self-saturated absorption type Q-switching yttrium aluminum garnet laser crystal has Q-switching and laser gain functions.