The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis and particularly discloses a series of substituted azole penta-heterocyclic derivatives and a solvothermal one-pot synthesis method thereof. By the adoption of the solvothermal one-pot synthesis method for preparing the target product, reaction time is short, a solvent is not prone to volatilization in an airtight system, recycling can be realized, production cost is effectively reduced, the advantages of energy conservation and environment friendliness are achieved, operation is easy, yield is high, and the prepared substituted azole penta-heterocyclic derivatives have good anti-microbial biological activity and excellent photophysical properties such as electron conductivity, the fluorescence property and the ultraviolet property, thereby having very high development and application value.