The invention discloses an anti-islanding protection control system and an anti-islanding protection control method based on a photovoltaic power station power control system. The anti-islanding protection control system comprises an anti-islanding control module, which is respectively communicated a photovoltaic power station active/reactive control system and a photovoltaic power station monitoring system. The photovoltaic power station active/reactive control system is respectively communicated with the photovoltaic power station monitoring system and a reactive compensation control system. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system is connected with the photovoltaic power generating unit in a communicated manner, and the reactive compensation control system is connected with a reactive compensation device in a communicated manner. The passive island detection and the reactive/active combined disturbance island detection can be combined together, and then the large-scale photovoltaic power station fast island detection can be realized, and the mutual disturbance of the active island detection signals of a plurality of serially/parallely-connected inverters can be prevented, and the blind area of the passive island detection can be reduced.