The invention discloses a novel pyridyl crown ether-containing chiral diphosphine ligand and an application thereof in an asymmetric catalytic reaction. The structural formulas of the chiral diphosphine ligand and an intermediate thereof, namely a pyridyl crown ether-containing monophosphorous ligand are shown by (I) and (I') respectively. The transition metal compounds of the chiral diphosphine ligands can serve as a catalyst of an asymmetric reaction; the pyridyl crown ether-containing chiral diphosphine ligand is a kind of novel adjustable chiral ligand; and through the complexing of different objects such as alkali metal ions, alkaline-earth metal ions, rare-earth metal ions, ammonium salt and organic amine salt with a ligand, the control on the space structure and electronic properties of the catalyst can be realized. The transition metal (Rh and Ir) complex of the pyridyl crown ether-containing chiral diphosphine ligand in complexing assembly with alkali metal ions shows excellent catalytic activity and good stereoselectivity.