The invention relates to energy judgment threshold adjustment-based multi-user cooperative spectrum sensing method. Each independent secondary user sends an acquired signal-to-noise ratio of itself to a spectrum sensing fusion center, and performs energy-based adaptive spectrum detection on a master user, so as to adaptively adjust and obtain an optimal threshold value of energy detection judgment and adapt to a dynamic change of signal energy received by the secondary user; and according to the detected number of the secondary users whose master user spectrum is in an occupied state or idle state, the global detection probability when the master user spectrum is in the occupied state or idle state and the global missing detection probability corresponding each state are calculated, and according to an integrity coefficient of each secondary user and a secondary user number-based cognition error function, a final secondary user when a minimum cognition error is achieved is obtained to perform cooperative detection. The method can adaptively adjust and obtain the optimal threshold value of secondary user energy detection judgment, improve detection performance of each secondary user, and reduce the calculation amount of cooperative sensing.