The invention provides a safety protection device for Raman spectrum detection and a Raman spectrum detection system employing the safety protection device. The safety protection device comprises a detection bin and a cover, wherein the detection bin comprises a bin body with an open end, and a sample to be detected is placed into the detection bin via the open end; the cover covers and is connected with the open end so as to form an explosion-proof container, which defines a space for accommodating the sample to be detected, together with the detection bin; the detection bin comprises a detection opening formed in the bin body, so that a Raman detection probe can be inserted into the space via the detection opening to detect the sample to be detected in the space.