The invention discloses a double-layer columnar heat transfer device, a pipeline for heat transfer of a fluid substance and a method and belongs to a pipeline heating technology. The double-layer columnar heat transfer device comprises a heat conductive columnar casing 1 and partition boards 2, and an inner cavity of the heat conductive columnar casing 1 is closed space and divided by the partition boards 2 into a plurality of cavities 4 parallel to the axial direction of the heat conductive columnar casing; the cavities 4 are filled with a working medium; a plurality of microfins 3 made of a heat conduction material are arranged on the inner walls of the cavities 4 in sequence, arrayed capillary microgrooves 9 are formed between the adjacent microfins 3 and are arranged in a mode which is beneficial to reduction of resistance received by the working medium flowing in the cavities 4; columnar heat pipes are further inserted in the cavities, and arrayed microfins are arranged on the inner walls of the columnar heat pipes. The invention further provides the pipeline based on the columnar heat transfer device and the heating method.