The invention discloses a self-adaptive hearing compensation method. The self-adaptive hearing compensation method comprises the following steps of firstly performing multi-channel decomposition for input signals by utilizing a gammatone filter group; then determining a compensation method based on a dynamic range of the signals in the channels and a hearing range of a hearing loss patient; if channel signals after being subjected to linear gain treatment are still within the hearing range of the patient, performing hearing compensation by using linear amplification so as to reduce distortion; otherwise, compensating by using dynamic range compression so as to add audibility. In addition, in order to reduce signal distortion caused by dynamic range compression and increase SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of an output signal in a noise environment, the self-adaptive compression method is adopted for hearing compensation so as to enable a compression ratio to be close to 1 to the greatest extent. Compared with existing hearing compensation methods, the self-adaptive hearing compensation method has higher intelligibility of compensated voice and obtains very strong practicability.