The invention discloses a nonlinear non-Gaussian ranking filtering method for a Martian atmosphere entering section. The method comprises four steps of 1, constructing an engineering actual equation based on a Martian atmosphere entering section detector; 2, supplying initial values: x0, P0 and statistical properties of system noise wk and vk, namely a mean value and a variance; 3, performing nonlinear non-Gaussian ranking method; 4, setting k=k+1, returning to the step 3 to continue the circulation until k is equal to the moment T corresponding to the end of the time of the Martian atmosphere entering section, namely the time when a supersonic parachute is opened, thus completing the nonlinear non-Gaussian ranking filtering method for the Martian atmosphere entering section. By the adoption of the nonlinear non-Gaussian ranking filtering method, the detector can reduce the influence, caused by non-Gaussian noise, on the estimation of a system state in the Martian atmosphere entering section, so that the state estimation precision can be improved, and the requirement of a Mars detection task in the future on the landing precision can be well met.