The present invention discloses a device and method for testing an exception handling ability of a satellite time synchronization device. The device for testing the exception handling ability of the satellite time synchronization device comprises a GNSS time service circuit, a data analysis analog circuit, a pulsed analog circuit, a level switching circuit and a clock circuit. The data analysis analog circuit is configured to receive and analyze one or more satellite data exception scene control parameters generated by an external control device, simulate the exception scene through an analogue unit and send generated data to a tested device after the generated data is packaged. The data analysis analog circuit is configured to receive and analyze pulse exception scene control parameters and send the pulse exception scene control parameters to the pulsed analog circuit. The pulsed analog circuit is configured to regulate pulse phases and/or pulse frequencies according to the control parameters and send generated exception pulse signals to the tested device. The device and method for testing an exception handling ability of a satellite time synchronization device are used for testing the fault-tolerant ability of the satellite time synchronization device for exceptional situations and the completeness of the exception handling algorithm thereof. The device for testing the exception handling ability of the satellite time synchronization device is small in size, low in cost and easy to operate, and is able to satisfy requirements of general tests.