The invention discloses an urban hierarchical regional division method based on a vector map data model. The method comprises the steps that a corresponding road network diagram structure and polygon boundary data are established for a region needing to be divided; a corresponding diagram structure and boundary polygon are established according to the road network diagram structure and the polygon boundary data, a path is searched to divide an original polygon into two parts, and paths are continuously searched in the newly generated polygons to conduct diagram division till all the polygons cannot be divided; a city is divided into primary regions according to primary road data, all the primary regions are traversed, secondary road data under the primary regions are extracted, and secondary regions under the regions are divided out by applying a regional division algorithm, so that a hierarchical structure of urban regions is formed. According to the urban hierarchical regional division method based on the vector map data model, a diagram structure is used for storing vector map data, operations are all based on the vector data, original data of a map can be completely reserved, and the data can be processed in an undistorted mode.