The invention provides a method and kit for rapidly detecting fetal cell VHL gene mutation in amniotic fluid and relates to the field of gene detection. The method comprises the following steps: detecting whether fetal cell DNA extracted from amniotic fluid is polluted by maternal genetic materials or not; if maternal genetic material pollution does not exist, carrying out VHL gene mutation detection on fetal cells directly; if maternal genetic material pollution exists, subculturing the fetal cells and then carrying out VHL gene mutation detection on fetal cells, wherein VHL gene mutation detection comprises the followings: carrying out VHL gene large fragment deletion detection on fetal cells through a fluorescence in-situ hybridization probe and carrying out VHL gene point mutation, small fragment deletion and splice site mutation detection on fetal DNA by adopting amplification primers of three exons of a VHL gene. By adopting the method and kit provided by the invention, whether fetal cell VHL gene mutates or not can be detected accurately and efficiently, the operation is simple and the cost is low.