The invention provides a method for recycling alkaline leached residues through selenium fixation and mercury removal. The method comprises steps as follows: (1) performing blank roasting on lead cakes to enable selenium and mercury to volatize, and performing cooling and dust collection to obtain enriched selenium and mercury dust; (2) adding lime to the selenium and mercury dust obtained in Step (1), performing preparation, granulation and selenium fixation and mercury removal roasting to obtain selenium fixation residues, and meanwhile, condensing flue gas to obtain mercurial soot; (3) performing alkaline leaching on the selenium fixation residues to obtain alkaline leached residues and a selenium-containing leachate, wherein alkaline liquor used for alkaline leaching is a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 60-120 g/L and the leaching temperature is 95-100 DEG C; (4) returning the alkaline leached residues to Step (2) to replace partial lime or all the lime, preparing and granulating the alkaline leached residues and the selenium and mercury dust obtained in Step (1), performing selenium fixation and mercury removal roasting, and sequentially circulating the process. With the adoption of the method, the alkaline leached residues are utilized, the selenium fixation rate is up to 99%, the mercury removal rate is up to 99.5%, selenium and mercury are thoroughly separated, and the lime consumption is decreased by more than 70%.